Trichuris trichiura

Whip worm

Physiology and Structure
  • Resembles the handle and lash of a whip.
  • Ingested eggs hatch into a larval worm in the small intestine and migrate to the cecum.
  • Female worms can produce up to 3000 to 10,000 eggs per day.
  • Female worms can live for up to 8 years.
  • Eggs become infectious once they have been in contact with soil for 3 weeks.
  • Eggs are barrel in shape.

 

 

 

 

Female trichuris trichiura

 https://www.flickr.com/photos/11221755@N02/1072400810/

 

 
Clinical Syndromes

 

  • Most infections are with small numbers of Trichuris organisms.
  • infections with many larvae may produce abdominal pain and distention, bloody diarrhea, weakness and weight loss.
  • Appendicitis may occur as the lumens and the prolapse of the rectum when it is filled with worms.
  • Anemia and eosinophilia are also seen in severe infections.
 
Treatment, Prevention and Control
  • Drug of choice is mebendazole.
  • Good personal hygiene adequate sanitation and avoidance of the use of human feces as fertilizer are various ways to prevent infection.

 

 

 

 

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Parasite is defined as an organism that derives its nutrients from another living organism, the host. Parasitic diseases are usually referred to those caused by protozoa, helminths and arthropods which love at the expense of their host. Successful parasites are the ones who are able to maintain their own life processes without killing their host.

Several ways to distinguish parasites infection and bacteria/viruses infection:

  1. Parasites have a complex life cycle that involves the formation of resistant cyst in the organism. (it can usually survive for long periods outside the host.)
  2. Life cycle might involve an insect vector (carrier) that is important for the transmission of disease. In most cases, it is impossible to eliminate the vector effectively.
  3. Some parasites are capable of infecting both humans and animals, thus both can act as reservoirs for the infection. This is true for most protozal infections carried by insects.
  4. Many parasites has life cycle that requires enough time to allow for the various stages to mature, either in soil or in an insect or host.